Overview

Video-to-text conversion module providing video captioning and transcription.

Submodules

video_to_text -- Abstract base class for video-to-text converters.
video_to_caption -- Video captioning implementations.

`HybridVideoToCaption(video_captioner=None, image_captioner=None, segmenter=None, transcriber=None, keyframe_extractor=None, pipeline_mode=PipelineMode.DIRECT_LM_CAPTION, audio_extractor_config=None, ocr_converter=None, segment_caption_strategy=SegmentCaptionStrategy.AUTO, video_summary_strategy=VideoSummaryStrategy.AUTO, caption_summarizer=None, **kwargs)`

Bases: BaseVideoToCaption

Hybrid video captioning component with a pluggable flow registry.

Wraps an inner captioner (a BaseVideoToCaption implementation) and orchestrates optional segmenter, transcriber, and keyframe_extractor components into one of several named pipeline flows.

The active flow is selected by pipeline_mode, which maps to a registered handler function. Built-in handlers are pre-registered at module load time. New flows can be added without modifying this class via register_flow.

Attributes:

Name	Type	Description
`video_captioner`	`BaseVideoToCaption \| None`	Optional video captioner.
`image_captioner`	`BaseImageToCaption \| None`	Optional image captioner.
`segmenter`	`BaseSegmenter \| None`	Optional segmenter processor.
`transcriber`	`BaseAudioToText \| None`	Optional audio-to-text transcriber.
`keyframe_extractor`	`BaseKeyframeExtractor \| None`	Optional keyframe extractor processor.
`ocr_converter`	`BaseImageToOcr \| None`	Optional OCR converter run on each materialized keyframe. Ignored (with a warning) when no `keyframe_extractor` is configured.
`caption_summarizer`	`BaseLMInvoker \| None`	Optional text-only LM used to collapse keyframe captions into one segment caption under `SegmentCaptionStrategy.SUMMARIZE_KEYFRAME_CAPTIONS`, and segment captions into one video summary under `VideoSummaryStrategy.SUMMARIZE_SEGMENT_CAPTIONS`. Lazily built from a default model when not provided and either strategy is active.
`pipeline_mode`	`str`	Active pipeline mode key.
`segment_caption_strategy`	`SegmentCaptionStrategy`	How `segment_caption` is built when `pipeline_mode` is `E2E_COMPREHENSIVE`.
`video_summary_strategy`	`VideoSummaryStrategy`	How `video_summary` is built when `pipeline_mode` is `E2E_COMPREHENSIVE`.

Example

Built-in DIRECT_LM_CAPTION mode

hybrid = HybridVideoToCaption(
    video_captioner=my_video_captioner,
    pipeline_mode=PipelineMode.DIRECT_LM_CAPTION,
)
result = await hybrid.convert("video.mp4", title="My Video")

E2E comprehensive (segment + transcript + keyframe + caption)

hybrid = HybridVideoToCaption(
    video_captioner=my_video_captioner,
    segmenter=my_segmenter,
    transcriber=my_transcriber,
    keyframe_extractor=my_keyframe_extractor,
    pipeline_mode=PipelineMode.E2E_COMPREHENSIVE,
)
result = await hybrid.convert("canal_tutorial.mp4")
# result.video_summary                 → whole-video summary
# result.segments[i].transcripts       → speech in that time window
# result.segments[i].segment_caption   → clip-level caption(s)
# result.segments[i].keyframes[j].caption → per-keyframe caption

See flow_e2e_comprehensive for a step-by-step walkthrough and a concrete VideoCaptionMetadata output example.

Register and use a custom flow

async def my_flow(ctx: FlowContext, attachment, caption_data, **kwargs):
    ...
    return await ctx.video_captioner.convert(attachment, **kwargs)

HybridVideoToCaption.register_flow(
    mode="my_flow",
    handler=my_flow,
    required_components=["segmenter"],
)

hybrid = HybridVideoToCaption(
    video_captioner=my_video_captioner,
    segmenter=my_segmenter,
    pipeline_mode="my_flow",
)
result = await hybrid.convert("video.mp4")

Initialise the hybrid captioner.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
`video_captioner`	`BaseVideoToCaption \| None`	The video captioner used to generate captions directly from video (or segment) attachments. Defaults to None.	`None`
`image_captioner`	`BaseImageToCaption \| None`	The image captioner used when captioning individual frames or images. Defaults to None.	`None`
`segmenter`	`BaseSegmenter \| None`	Segmenter processor. Defaults to None.	`None`
`transcriber`	`BaseAudioToText \| None`	Audio-to-text transcriber. Defaults to None.	`None`
`keyframe_extractor`	`BaseKeyframeExtractor \| None`	Frame extraction processor. Defaults to None.	`None`
`pipeline_mode`	`PipelineMode \| str`	The pipeline mode to use. Defaults to PipelineMode.DIRECT_LM_CAPTION.	`DIRECT_LM_CAPTION`
`audio_extractor_config`	`dict[str, Any] \| None`	Config forwarded to `AudioExtractionProcessor.build` (e.g. `{"output_format": "mp3"}` or `{"audio_encoder": "lamemp3enc"}`). Defaults to `None` (auto-select format, typically WAV).	`None`
`ocr_converter`	`BaseImageToOcr \| None`	OCR converter run on each keyframe materialized by `keyframe_extractor`. Its output is stored on `Keyframe.detector_result["ocr"]` and never fed to a captioner. Ignored (with a warning) when `keyframe_extractor` is not also provided. Defaults to None.	`None`
`segment_caption_strategy`	`SegmentCaptionStrategy \| str`	How `segment_caption` is built when `pipeline_mode` is `E2E_COMPREHENSIVE`. Ignored (with a warning) for other modes. Defaults to `SegmentCaptionStrategy.AUTO`.	`AUTO`
`video_summary_strategy`	`VideoSummaryStrategy \| str`	How `video_summary` is built when `pipeline_mode` is `E2E_COMPREHENSIVE`. Ignored (with a warning) for other modes. Defaults to `VideoSummaryStrategy.AUTO`.	`AUTO`
`caption_summarizer`	`BaseLMInvoker \| None`	Text-only LM used to collapse keyframe captions into one segment caption under `SegmentCaptionStrategy.SUMMARIZE_KEYFRAME_CAPTIONS`, and segment captions into one video summary under `VideoSummaryStrategy.SUMMARIZE_SEGMENT_CAPTIONS`. When not provided, a default LM is lazily built the first time either strategy is used. Defaults to None.	`None`
`**kwargs`	`Any`	Forwarded to `BaseVideoToCaption`.	`{}`

Raises:

Type	Description
`ValueError`	If `pipeline_mode` is not registered in the flow registry.
`ValueError`	If a component required by `pipeline_mode` is `None`.
`ValueError`	If `segment_caption_strategy` or `video_summary_strategy` is not a valid strategy value, or requires a component that was not provided.

Example

Explicit segment caption and video summary strategies

hybrid = HybridVideoToCaption(
    video_captioner=my_video_captioner,
    image_captioner=my_image_captioner,
    segmenter=my_segmenter,
    keyframe_extractor=my_keyframe_extractor,
    pipeline_mode=PipelineMode.E2E_COMPREHENSIVE,
    segment_caption_strategy=SegmentCaptionStrategy.CONCAT_KEYFRAME_CAPTIONS,
    video_summary_strategy=VideoSummaryStrategy.CONCAT_SEGMENT_CAPTIONS,
)
result = await hybrid.convert("lecture.mp4")

`__init_subclass__(**kwargs)`

Give every subclass its own independent registry copy.

`convert(source, **kwargs)` `async`

Convert video into caption output using the selected hybrid flow mode.

Behavior

Validates and resolves source into a video attachment.
Builds caption context fields from kwargs.
Calculates video duration when available for downstream validation.
Dispatches caption generation to the registered handler for pipeline_mode.
Uses flow context components such as captioner, transcriber, segmenter, and keyframe tools.
Returns video summary plus structured segments in TextResult.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
`source`	`str \| bytes`	Video source to caption. Supported forms: 1. Raw video bytes. 2. Local file path. 3. URL string. 4. Base64 encoded video string.	required
`**kwargs`	`Any`	Runtime options forwarded to the active flow handler.	`{}`

Other Parameters:

Name	Type	Description
`number_of_captions`	`int`	Requested number of generated captions.
`title`	`str`	Short title context.
`description`	`str`	Additional descriptive context.
`domain_knowledge`	`str`	Domain hints for caption quality.
`multimodal_context`	`list[Attachment \| str]`	Supplemental context.
`event_emitter`	`Any`	Event emitter passed into downstream components.
`segment_caption_strategy`	`SegmentCaptionStrategy \| str`	Overrides the constructor's `segment_caption_strategy` for this call only. Only applies to `E2E_COMPREHENSIVE`.
`video_summary_strategy`	`VideoSummaryStrategy \| str`	Overrides the constructor's `video_summary_strategy` for this call only. Only applies to `E2E_COMPREHENSIVE`.
`prev_caption_window_size`	`int`	Number of preceding segment captions passed as context when captioning the next segment or its keyframes. Must be a non-negative integer. Defaults to `DEFAULT_PREV_CAPTION_WINDOW_SIZE`.
`prev_keyframe_window_size`	`int`	Number of preceding keyframe images, and of their captions, passed as context when captioning the next keyframe. Lower it for models with a small image limit. Must be a non-negative integer. Defaults to `DEFAULT_PREV_KEYFRAME_WINDOW_SIZE`.

Returns:

Name	Type	Description
`TextResult`	`TextResult`	Hybrid flow caption output with structured metadata.

Example

converter = HybridVideoToCaption.from_preset("e2e_lm_only")
result = await converter.convert(
    "video.mp4",
    title="Inspection footage",
    number_of_captions=6,
    domain_knowledge="industrial safety audit",
    prev_keyframe_window_size=3,
    multimodal_context=["Prioritize hazards and operator actions."],
    event_emitter=my_event_emitter,
)
print(result.result)

`from_preset(preset_name=HybridPreset.E2E_LM_ONLY, **kwargs)` `classmethod`

Create a HybridVideoToCaption using a preset configuration.

Delegates preset_name to the preset registry in preset.py to retrieve the appropriate component composition and pipeline mode, then wraps it in a HybridVideoToCaption. Extra arguments can be injected via kwargs.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
`preset_name`	`HybridPreset \| str \| None`	Preset name forwarded to the registry. Defaults to `HybridPreset.E2E_LM_ONLY`.	`E2E_LM_ONLY`
`**kwargs`	`Any`	See Other Parameters below.	`{}`

Other Parameters:

Name	Type	Description
`video_captioner_kwargs`	`dict \| None`	Overrides forwarded to the video captioner constructor (e.g. `lm_invoker_kwargs`, `prompt_builder_kwargs`). Popped before `__init__`. Defaults to None. Valid args reference: `LMBasedVideoToCaption.from_preset`. For nested `lm_invoker_kwargs` specifically, valid keys follow [`build_lm_invoker`][gllm_inference.lm_invoker.build_lm_invoker.build_lm_invoker]. For nested `prompt_builder_kwargs` specifically, valid keys follow `PromptBuilder`.
`image_captioner_kwargs`	`dict \| None`	Overrides forwarded to the keyframe image captioner constructor. Popped before `__init__`. Defaults to None. Valid args reference: `LMBasedImageToCaption.from_preset`.
`segmenter_kwargs`	`dict \| None`	Overrides forwarded to the preset segmenter constructor (`detector=`, `config=` for `ShotBasedSegmenter` on `e2e_shot_middle_frame`). Popped before `__init__`. Defaults to None. To inject `FixedDurationSegmenter`, pass `segmenter=FixedDurationSegmenter(config={...})` via `**kwargs` instead. See `build_media_toolkit` and `BaseSegmenter`.
`transcriber_kwargs`	`dict \| None`	Overrides forwarded to the audio transcriber builder. Popped before `__init__`. Defaults to None. Pass `model_id` here to select transcript approach/provider; remaining keys are forwarded as kwargs to `build_modality_converter`. Where to see valid kwargs: 1. Routing logic and forwarding behavior: `get_preset_hybrid_video_to_caption`. 2. Generic builder contract and strategy keys (`preset`, `lmrp_config`, direct kwargs): `build_modality_converter`. 3. LM transcript preset kwargs for LM-based route: `LMBasedAudioToTranscript.from_preset`.
`keyframe_extractor_kwargs`	`dict \| None`	Overrides forwarded to the keyframe extractor constructor. Popped before `__init__`. Defaults to None. Valid args should follow media-toolkit factory/class constructor signatures, see `build_media_toolkit` and `BaseKeyframeExtractor`.
`ocr_converter_kwargs`	`dict \| None`	Overrides forwarded to the OCR converter constructor. Popped before `__init__`. Defaults to None. Only consumed by `e2e_ocr_driven`; other presets ignore it with a warning. Valid args reference: `LMBasedImageToOcr.from_preset`.
`caption_summarizer_kwargs`	`dict \| None`	Overrides forwarded to the `caption_summarizer` LM invoker builder. Popped before `__init__`. Injected for every preset regardless of `segment_caption_strategy`, since any E2E preset can be switched to `SUMMARIZE_KEYFRAME_CAPTIONS` via `segment_caption_strategy=`. Defaults to None. Valid keys follow [`build_lm_invoker`][gllm_inference.lm_invoker.build_lm_invoker.build_lm_invoker]: `model_id`, `credentials`, `config`.
`pipeline_mode`	`PipelineMode \| str`	Override the active pipeline mode set by the preset. Merged into `__init__` after preset resolution.
`**kwargs`	`Any`	Any other `__init__` parameter (e.g. `video_captioner`, `transcriber`, `segmenter`) to replace a preset component entirely.

Returns:

Name	Type	Description
`HybridVideoToCaption`	`'HybridVideoToCaption'`	A fully initialised hybrid captioner.

Example

from gllm_multimodal.modality_converter.video_to_text.video_to_caption import (
    HybridVideoToCaption,
    HybridPreset,
)

captioner = HybridVideoToCaption.from_preset(
    preset_name=HybridPreset.E2E_COMPREHENSIVE,
    video_captioner_kwargs={
        "lm_invoker_kwargs": {"model_id": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite"},
    },
    transcriber_kwargs={
        "api_key": "sk-...",
        "model": "openai/whisper-large-v3",
    },
    segmenter_kwargs={"config": {"threshold": 30.0, "min_shot_duration": 1.5}},
)
result = await captioner.convert(source="video.mp4")
print(result.result)

Example

Text-detection keyframes with OCR (e2e_ocr_driven)

captioner = HybridVideoToCaption.from_preset(
    preset_name=HybridPreset.E2E_OCR_DRIVEN,
)
result = await captioner.convert(source="slides.mp4")
# Each keyframe carries both a visual caption and the raw on-screen text:
# result.metadata.segments[i].keyframes[j].caption
# result.metadata.segments[i].keyframes[j].detector_result["ocr"]["content"]

`register_flow(mode, handler, required_components=None)` `classmethod`

Register a new pipeline flow.

After registration the mode string can be passed as pipeline_mode to any new HybridVideoToCaption instance.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
`mode`	`str`	Unique key for this flow (e.g. `"my_custom_flow"`). Can be a `PipelineMode` value or any arbitrary string.	required
`handler`	`FlowHandler`	An async callable with the signature: `async def handler( ctx: FlowContext, video_attachment: Attachment, caption_data: Caption, **kwargs: Any, ) -> VideoCaptionMetadata \| None: ...`	required
`required_components`	`list[str \| tuple[str, ...]] \| None`	Names of `HybridVideoToCaption` attributes (e.g. `["segmenter", "transcriber"]`) that must not be `None` when this mode is selected. Validation happens at `__init__` time. Use a tuple (e.g. `[("captioner", "transcriber")]`) to specify that at least one of the components in the tuple is required. Defaults to `[]`.	`None`

Example

Register a custom flow

async def my_flow(
    ctx: FlowContext, attachment, caption_data, **kwargs
) -> VideoCaptionMetadata | None:
    result = await ctx.video_captioner.convert(attachment, **kwargs)
    return VideoCaptionMetadata(
        video_summary=result.result,
        segments=[],
    )

HybridVideoToCaption.register_flow(
    mode="my_flow",
    handler=my_flow,
    required_components=["segmenter"],
)

`LMBasedVideoToCaption(lm_request_processor, transform=None, max_retries=2, **kwargs)`

Bases: BaseVideoToCaption, UsesLM

Video captioning implementation using Language Models.

This class implements the VideoToCaption interface using LMs for generating natural language captions.

Initialize the LM based video captioning component.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
`lm_request_processor`	`LMRequestProcessor`	Language model request processor instance that supports multimodal inputs.	required
`transform`	`list[MediaToolkit] \| None`	Processor(s) to transform the video attachment.	`None`
`max_retries`	`int`	Maximum number of retries for LM invocations. Defaults to 2.	`2`
`**kwargs`	`Any`	Additional keyword arguments to pass to the parent constructor.	`{}`

`convert(source, **kwargs)` `async`

Convert video into caption output using the LM-based caption implementation.

Behavior

Validates source input and resolves it to a video attachment.
Builds caption context from incoming keyword arguments.
Passes video plus multimodal context into LM request processing.
Validates LM response schema and segment timing constraints.
Retries LM generation up to max_retries on recoverable validation issues.
Returns structured caption metadata and summary in TextResult.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
`source`	`str \| bytes`	Video source to caption. Supported forms: 1. Raw video bytes. 2. Local file path. 3. URL string. 4. Base64 encoded video string. 5. Attachment-compatible source supported by media loader.	required
`**kwargs`	`Any`	Captioning options forwarded to runtime components.	`{}`

Other Parameters:

Name	Type	Description
`number_of_captions`	`int`	Requested number of caption segments.
`title`	`str`	One-line title or summary hint.
`description`	`str`	Additional narrative context.
`domain_knowledge`	`str`	Domain-specific guidance for captioning.
`multimodal_context`	`list[Attachment \| str]`	Extra context attachments.
`delete_multimodal_context`	`bool`	Whether multimodal context is removed after processing.
`event_emitter`	`Any`	Event emitter passed to LM request processing.

Returns:

Name	Type	Description
`TextResult`	`TextResult`	Video summary text with segment-level caption metadata.

Example

from gllm_inference.schema import Attachment

converter = LMBasedVideoToCaption.from_preset()
result = await converter.convert(
    "video.mp4",
    title="Product demo",
    number_of_captions=5,
    multimodal_context=[
        "Focus on user actions and UI feedback.",
        Attachment.from_file("release_notes.png"),
    ],
    delete_multimodal_context=False,
    event_emitter=my_event_emitter,
)
print(result.result)

`from_preset(preset_name='default', lm_invoker_kwargs=None, prompt_builder_kwargs=None, **kwargs)` `classmethod`

Initialize the LM based video captioning component using preset model configurations.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
`preset_name`	`str \| None`	Preset name forwarded to video-caption preset registry. Defaults to `"default"`.	`'default'`
`lm_invoker_kwargs`	`dict \| None`	Keyword arguments passed to LM invoker creation in the preset factory. Defaults to None. Valid keys follow [`build_lm_invoker`][gllm_inference.lm_invoker.build_lm_invoker.build_lm_invoker].	`None`
`prompt_builder_kwargs`	`dict \| None`	Keyword arguments passed to prompt builder creation in the preset factory. Defaults to None. Valid keys follow `PromptBuilder`.	`None`
`**kwargs`	`Any`	Additional kwargs for current-class `__init__` parameters. Preset defaults are merged first, then `from_lm_components` forwards kwargs when instantiating `cls(...)`.	`{}`

Other Parameters:

Name	Type	Description
`**kwargs`	`Any`	Any additional kwargs merged into preset kwargs and forwarded to `from_lm_components`. Valid kwargs references: 1. Preset composition and consumed kwargs: `get_preset_video_to_caption`. 2. Final converter constructor parameters: `LMBasedVideoToCaption`.

Returns:

Name	Type	Description
`LMBasedVideoToCaption`	`LMBasedVideoToCaption`	Initialized video captioning component using preset model.

Example

from gllm_multimodal.modality_converter.video_to_text.video_to_caption import (
    LMBasedVideoToCaption,
)

# Use default preset (Gemini flash-lite)
captioner = LMBasedVideoToCaption.from_preset()

# Override model via lm_invoker_kwargs
captioner = LMBasedVideoToCaption.from_preset(
    lm_invoker_kwargs={"model_id": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite"},
)

result = await captioner.convert(source="video.mp4")
print(result.result)

Overview

Submodules

__init_subclass__(**kwargs)

convert(source, **kwargs) async

from_preset(preset_name=HybridPreset.E2E_LM_ONLY, **kwargs) classmethod

register_flow(mode, handler, required_components=None) classmethod

LMBasedVideoToCaption(lm_request_processor, transform=None, max_retries=2, **kwargs)

convert(source, **kwargs) async

from_preset(preset_name='default', lm_invoker_kwargs=None, prompt_builder_kwargs=None, **kwargs) classmethod

`__init_subclass__(**kwargs)`

`convert(source, **kwargs)` `async`

`from_preset(preset_name=HybridPreset.E2E_LM_ONLY, **kwargs)` `classmethod`

`register_flow(mode, handler, required_components=None)` `classmethod`

`LMBasedVideoToCaption(lm_request_processor, transform=None, max_retries=2, **kwargs)`

`convert(source, **kwargs)` `async`

`from_preset(preset_name='default', lm_invoker_kwargs=None, prompt_builder_kwargs=None, **kwargs)` `classmethod`